Is the Ganga Really Self-Purifying? Conflicting Reports Emerge from Maha Kumbh 2025

Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh – February 22: As millions of devotees take a holy dip in the Ganga River during the Maha Kumbh Mela 2025, a scientific debate has emerged over the river's water quality. While the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has raised concerns about rising faecal coliform bacteria levels, Padma Shri awardee Dr. Ajay Kumar Sonkar claims that Ganga's natural self-purifying ability neutralizes harmful bacteria through bacteriophages.

CPCB’s Warning: Ganga Contaminated with Faecal Bacteria

A CPCB study conducted during the Maha Kumbh found faecal coliform bacteria levels exceeding safe limits at multiple points in Prayagraj’s Sangam waters. The safe limit for bathing water is 2,500 units per 100 millilitres, but the current readings show significantly higher contamination.

Experts attribute this spike to sewage discharge, human waste, and the large number of pilgrims bathing in the river. Health officials warn that exposure to contaminated water can cause stomach infections, diarrhea, skin diseases, and more serious illnesses like typhoid and hepatitis A.

Dr. Sonkar’s Findings: Ganga’s ‘Security Guards’ Keep It Clean

Countering the CPCB’s findings, Dr. Ajay Kumar Sonkar, a globally recognized researcher, claims that the Ganga remains pure despite millions taking a dip. His study highlights the presence of 1,100 types of bacteriophages—viruses that target and destroy harmful bacteria before disappearing.

According to Dr. Sonkar, these bacteriophages act as natural water purifiers, instantly eliminating pollution and harmful germs. He compares the Ganga’s self-cleansing process to oceanic water purification, emphasizing that its unique microbiology prevents bacterial contamination from spreading.

In his lab tests, no significant bacterial growth was found in Ganga water samples from the Maha Kumbh. The pH level remained stable between 8.4 and 8.6, similar to alkaline water, which is known for its antibacterial properties.

Contrasting Views: What Should Pilgrims Do?

The contradictory reports from CPCB and Dr. Sonkar have left many confused. While one study highlights rising contamination, the other praises the river’s natural ability to cleanse itself.

For pilgrims, the best approach is caution. While the Ganga’s bacteriophages may offer some protection, the high levels of faecal coliform bacteria cannot be ignored. Experts advise devotees to avoid drinking the water and to maintain proper hygiene after bathing.

Conclusion: A Need for Further Research

The Ganga River’s water quality remains a subject of scientific debate. Whether its bacteriophages can effectively counteract pollution on such a massive scale needs further research. As millions continue to flock to the Maha Kumbh, striking a balance between faith, tradition, and scientific evidence is crucial to ensure public health and safety. 

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